Your baby may have a condition called Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis also called pyloric tumor. The muscle around the outlet of stomach thickens and does not allow the feeds to go down. Occasionally you may see a small bulge in the upper abdomen moving to the right. Reduced number of nappies is an indication of dehydration and needs immediate attention. The condition is diagnosed by ultrasound and needs surgery. Laparoscopic surgery can be done for this condition. The results of surgery are very good.

The condition is called Undescended testis and requires corrective surgery early, usually before the child is 6 months old. Left alone the testicle will get damaged due to its abnormal position. Depending up on where the testis is your doctor may advice open operation or laparoscopic surgery.

Most likely your child is suffering from a Hernia. Yes, children can also suffer from hernia but they are little different from their adult counterpart. They should be repaired as soon as diagnosed since occasionally intestines can get entrapped inside leading to a situation where emergency surgery is required. The hernia can be corrected by a simple and quick laparoscopic surgery.

Your daughter may be suffering from hydronephrosis of kidney. This may be due to a blockage in the urine passage and requires immediate attention as a delay in treatment may lead to permanent damage to the affected kidney. The child may need surgery or continued observation. You should see a paediatric surgeon who would do appropriate tests including ultrasound scan and nuclear renogram to assess the severity of the condition and advice you accordingly.

This is called a Hemangioma and appears early after birth and grow rapidly in first two years of life. It usually tends to undergo regression in size after that and will slowly disappear after several years. Nothing needs to be done in majority of cases. Some problematic ones may need treatment with oral medications or by injection within the tumor.

It is important to investigate your daughter at the earliest as she may have a problem of urine going back up in to the kidney/s from her bladder, a condition called reflux disease. Recurrent infections can damage the kidneys and result in loss of function or high blood pressure. If less severe this can get corrected by it self but the child needs to be on continuous low dose antibiotic until this gets corrected to prevent damage to the kidney/s. Severe degree of reflux or development of scarring or high blood pressure may require surgical correction.

Your son appears to have a condition called Hypospadias. This usually requires surgical correction between six months to two years of age and may need one or more than one stage to correct. The deformity is fully correctable. The operation is a fairly major one and the child may need to stay in the hospital for up to 10 days.

This is called a Hemangioma and appears early after birth and grow rapidly in first two years of life. It usually tends to undergo regression in size after that and will slowly disappear after several years. Nothing needs to be done in majority of cases. Some problematic ones may need treatment with oral medications or by injection within the tumor.

Your daughter’s condition needs to be investigated urgently as she may be suffering from a serious condition calledBiliary Atresia. In this flow of bile from the liver is impaired resulting in damage to the liver resulting in cirrhosis of liver. The condition requires correction within first 60 days of life to prevent irreversible damage to liver. Treatment involves a major operation on liver. In advanced cases with cirrhosis only treatment is replacement of liver (Transplantation).

The swellings you are describing are likely to be cervical lymph nodes. These are normally present in various places in the body and protect us from invading organisms. They become enlarged in response to repeated infections, tuberculosis or sometimes due to cancer. In majority of cases they are just the sign of body’s normal response and do not require treatment but you should see your doctor to make sure they are not due to some other serious disease.

Doctor, my child is having constipation since birth and the abdomen is distended, what should I do?

The child vomits after each feed and there will be poor weight gain. The condition seems to be gastoesophageal reflux. The child needs to be evaluated with an upper GI study. The child needs to be started on prokinetics with antacids, and would also need to be given small frequent feeds with head end up positioning of the child during feeds and sleep. 90% of children will respond to this and the vomiting will subside in 3to6 months time. If it does not subside and produce frequent respiratory tract infection and failure to gain weight, he may need surgery.